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FIELD TOUR REPORT( DURING VISIT TO TRINCOMALEE)

                           On 17/18.09.2010 a field visit to Trincomalee district was successfully arranged to observe the current agricultural practices and agricultural development activities currently being done in the area and special consideration was taken about the environmental impact from those inappropriate agricultural practices and how it cause to the eco-system imbalances.

                  The field visit were arranged to visit trincomalee area. Then especially we identify natural recourses that trincomalee area. Also we observed how to developing these area under Agricultural programmers and how much these development activities affect the natural resource.

The main economy activities in trincomalee are agriculture, fisheries, animal husbandry, and business. The agriculture crops are mainly rice, onions and vegetables, which were previously exported to other districts. Fisheries used to bring significant income to trincomalee and provided employment opportunities. Tourism was also a sizeable industry. 

Current status of the Agriculture sector in Trincomalee district

More than two decades of armed conflict between the Sri Lanka Armed Forces and Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam (LTTE) led to a steady deterioration of agriculture development along with social and economic infrastructure. At the peak of the conflict in April-May 2006, an estimated 40,000 people were displaced within the district that included up to 30,000 in previously LTTE-controlled east Muthur and Eachchilampattai within and into neighbouring districts.

These people spontaneously returned to their places of origin, but were to become displaced again. During the Mavilaru Crisis during which the LTTE cut off water supplies to vast areas, this prompted a military intervention and more than 100,000 people were displaced to neighbouring districts.The process of resettlement in Trincomalee District started after 2006 and also after the prolonged war period. The  resettlement in Trincomalee , consultation were held with Government Ministries/ Department, UN Agencies and NGOs in both Colombo and Trincomalee .This rapid resettlement is done in a unorganized manner without a proper planning, so many severe environmental problems have been arised.

Trincomalee has an agro-climatic environment that is very favourable to production of diverse crops and raising livestock. It also has long coastline, bays and lagoons that provide favourable grounds for various forms of fishing.During the pre-conflict years Trincomalee had very vibrant socio-economic conditions with agricultural production and fishing as the main livelihoods activities. The district has deep sea harbor and a major international seaport that has in turn attracted several national and multinational industries, and thus diverse opportunities for employment in different sectors specially in agriculture sector.

Agriculture is the main livelihood activity with an estimated 62% of the population depending on it. The agricultural season that runs from September to August the following year consists of two seasons: the main season, Maha (September to January) and the secondary season Yala (March to September).

Inappropriate agricultural development work

       ·        Some large scale development projects

       ·        Aquaculture and building construction projects       

       ·         Overfishing of the target resource

       ·         Coconut plantation on mangrove area 

       ·         Inappropriate irrigation infrastructure 

·         Clearing of mangrove area 

·         Overexploited forests-including fragile mangrove  ecosystems- for fuel wood

 

Adverse effect for the environment

• Losses in natural vegetation
• Reduced stream flow levels
• Increased sedimentation in reservoirs irrigation work.
• Flooding and landslides
• Use of agricultural chemicals, particularly pesticides
• Resource depletion

• Environmental damage and health consequences
• Direct loss of wetlands due to draining and conversion agricultural land.

• Indirect loss of wetlands area due to water withdrawal from Rivers and streams for   Irrigation.

• Runoff of fertilizers causing excessive eutrophication leading to fish kills, toxic algal blooms and of aquatic flora and fauna.

• Loss of wetland area and function due to damming for water Storage.

• Loss of seasonal wetlands due to changed hydrologic cycle from water storage

• Loss of wetland function due to salinization, sediment deposition, erosion, eutrophication.

• Pollution from use of pesticides and other chemicals.

Promotion of Environmentally-friendly agriculture

                            The Biodiversity Action Plan for Agriculture recognizes the biodiversity benefits on agriculture, which allows the creation of new varieties and breeds for the achievement of economic, health, technical and ecological objectives. Agriculture benefits for biodiversity are also recognized, by maintaining both wild and domesticated plant and animal species, varieties or breeds, as well as ecosystems, at times under threat of Extinction, in case of non-intensive agriculture. Looking at the general causes of biodiversity deterioration in agro-ecosystems, the part played by the inappropriate agricultural farming in the general context of production intensification and under-utilization of land is also acknowledged. This is also the case in Trincomalee where more than half of all nutrient loads in the mangrove and tanks originate from agriculture, from private households and from agricultural industry. 

Conclusion

This field visit extremely provided an opportunity to students for studying about  the environment impact to the particular area and supported to improve the ability of decision making regarding sustainable agricultural improvements with minimum damages to the environment. At long last the much hoped for end to the LTTE and the terrorism and the liberation of whole of Sri Lanka have been achieved. While this is a cause for celebration by all Sri Lankans a different type of war and struggle has to be faced now. It is the responsibility of all of us to ensure the urgent, dignified and safe resettlement of all the displaced people who have suffered many years of untold hardship, and to create the environment for them to enjoy a free, sustainable and acceptable level of livelihood, once resettled preferably in their own villages. Crop production emerged as the main livelihood activity in this area. However, access to paddy and highland crop land remains a key challenge for many households. After the resettlement majority of the farmers production gas been declined.The main reason advanced by most of the farmlands was lack of irrigation or poor water supply. And also there are some portion of household food production(Home gardens) in the area.

Is This Facebook Hidden/Secret Message Code ????

What do you think of this? The element of Illuminati? Facebook founder, Mark Zuckerberg already been related to Illuminati. Is this what the hidden meaning emphasized by the Facebook founder "Facebook, Making the World Open and Connected." ?

Secret Code In Eye Of Mona Lisa Painting Discovered

 

                      Mona Lisa painting by Leonardo da Vinci is believed to contain mystery. Especially, what is implied behind the Mona Lisa smile. Mona Lisa was back in the swirl of mystery when the detectives discover new things in art masterpieces that. In her eyes.
Hidden in the dark paint on the pupils of the eyes of the Mona Lisa, there are letters which infiltrated by the maestro, Leonardo da Vinci. Secret code is revealed thanks to the enlargement of the latest technology.
These disovery may be inspired by direct-selling novel 'The Da Vinci Code' who called Mona Lisa save the hidden clues about the Holy Grail.
It was Vinceti Silvano, president of the Italian Heritage Committee, who discovered the symbol. "To the naked eye, this symbol is not visible, but with a magnifying glass, it is clearly visible," he said, at Daily Mail site.
What symbols hidden in Da Vinci's Mona Lisa's eyes?
"In the right eye seen the letter 'LV' that may be his initials, Leonardo da Vinci, while in her left eye there is also a symbol of the letter that has not been defined."
The experts have not decided what the letters on the Mona Lisa's left eye. It could be the letters 'CE' or the letter 'B'.
"While the arch bridge in the painting background, we can see the number '72 'or it could be the letter' L 'and the number '2'."
"You must understand that this painting is 500 years old, so the picture is not as sharp as when first painted," added Vinceti.
However, based on the temporary investigation, the art detective admitted that the symbol was deliberately applied by Da Vinci.
The search for symbols in Mona Lisa painting just like the plot of Dan Brown after a member of the committee finds an ancient book in an antique shop. This book refers to the symbol in the eyes of the Mona Lisa.
Moreover, 'Da Vinci put special emphasis in Mona Lisa painting. And we know, he brought the painting to anywhere in the last years of his life, "said Vinceti.
"We also know that Da Vinci was an esoteric - can be understood only certain people, and often insert symbols in his work. Who knows, Vinceti added, there may be a message of love in there.
Vinceti is a member of a group which filed for permission to dig graves in the Da Vinci of the tombstone in the village of Amboise Castle Loire, France.
The purpose of digging the grave, to see the maestro skull and prove whether the Mona Lisa is Da Vinci's self-image.

                                            

Structure of proteins

Proteins are essential contituents of all cells,both plants and animals.the nucleus and protoplasm of every cell is composed of protien.protien is absolutely essential in the human diet.because it is the only nutrient which supplies nitrogen and this is vital for cell formation,and there fore growth.the body is uable to synthesis nitrigen from the plentiful supplies which abound in nature.in the air and in the soil,for instance so it must be provided with nitrogen in suitable organic form.

            

             Protein are macromolecules of higher mass weight(relative formula mass or molecular mass).typically between several thousands and several million,contain of chains of amino acids .they are polymers.there are 20 different amino acids  which are commonly found in naturally occurring proteins. The potential variety of proteins is unlimited because the sequence of amino acids in genetically controlled by the DNA of the cell in which it is made.

             In order to understand the functions of proteins  at a molecular level ,it is often necessary to determine the  three dimensional structure of the proteins.This is the topic of the scientific field of structural biology, that employs techniques such as X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy to  determine the structure of proteins.

Proteins exhibit four levels of organization. Primary structure, Secondary structure, Tertiary structure, Quaternary structure.

  http://lectures.molgen.mpg.de/ProteinStructure/Levels/index.html

The Coconut Palm in Sri Lanka

   The coconut, popularly known as the “Tree of Life”, Tree of Abundance”, “Nature's Super Market”, “Kalpavruksha”, in the form of tender nuts and dry fruit as food, drink, oil and milk has been used by human and their immediate ancestor species for at least half a million years.

The coconut, popularly known as the “Tree of Life”, Tree of Abundance”, “Nature's Super Market”, “Kalpavruksha”, in the form of tender nuts and dry fruit as food, drink, oil and milk has been used by human and their immediate ancestor species for at least half a million years.

Its medicinal use is known for over 4000 years in Ayurveda system. This crop is grown in 11.8 million hectare in about 93 countries around the world, and produces 57514 billion nuts or 10.57 million tons of copra equivalent of which 87.9% area and 82% of production are from Asia and Pacific countries.

                   Under favorable condition, an adult palm produces 12 to 16 new leaves annually with a corresponding flower cluster. In a healthy crown, there are 30-40 leaves. A mature leaf is 3-4 meter in length and has 200 -250 leaflets. A leaf remains in the palm for about 3 years. When leaves are shed, a permanent scar is left on the trunk.

A normal inflorescence may have 10-50 female flowers.Of them 50-70% fall off and balance developed into nuts, which will take about 12 months to mature.

The economic life of the palm is about 60-70 years, although much older trees are known to exist and yield well.

Sri Lanka with 439,000 Ha. has a production of 2274 million nuts and occupies third and fourth place respectively in area and production, earning about US$ 142.3 million through export of coconut products particularly coir products, desiccated coconuts, activated carbon, copra, coconut powder, and fresh coconut.

Sri Lanka with 439,000 Ha. has a production of 2274 million nuts and occupies third and fourth place respectively in area and production, earning about US$ 142.3 million through export of coconut products particularly coir products, desiccated coconuts, activated carbon, copra, coconut powder, and fresh coconut.

Sri Lanka is the largest coconut consuming country (70 – 80% of coconut is utilised for domestic consumption). It has been estimated that demand in Sri Lanka by 2010 will be 4000 million nuts to meet the domestic and industrial requirements.

Its medicinal use is known for over 4000 years in Ayurvedic system. This crop is grown in 11.8 million hectare in about 93 countries around the world, and produces 57514 billion nuts or 10.57 million tons of copra equivalent of which 87.9% area and 82% of production are from Asia and Pacific countries.

The cultivation of the coconut palm in Sri Lanka is spread over more than twenty two centuries. The palm has a single terminal growing point. It contributes stem elongation, formation of flowers and nuts. It takes about 16 months from the initial formation of the flowers to their opening.

Under favourable condition, an adult palm produces 12 to 16 new leaves annually with a corresponding flower cluster. In a healthy crown, there are 30-40 leaves. A mature leaf is 3-4 meter in length and has 200 -250 leaflets. A leaf remains in the palm for about 3 years. When leaves are shed, a permanent scar is left on the trunk.

A normal inflorescences may have 10-50 female flowers. Of them 50-70% fall off and balance developed into nuts, which will take about 12 months to mature.


The economic life of the palm is about 60-70 years, although much older trees are known to exist and yield well.


Sri Lanka with 439,000 Ha. has a production of 2274 million nuts and occupies third and fourth place respectively in area and production, earning about US$ 142.3 million through export of coconut products particularly coir products, desiccated coconuts, activated carbon, copra, coconut powder, and fresh coconut.


Sri Lanka is the largest coconut consuming country (70 – 80% of coconut is utilised for domestic consumption). It has been estimated that demand in Sri Lanka by 2010 will be 4000 million nuts to meet the domestic and industrial requirements.